- Faisal Zahran ALMaamari
- Abdulaziz Awad ALKaabi
- Ahmed Juma ALAzizi
- Mohammed Nasser ALDhaheri
- Eisa Saeed ALKaabi
12.02
Sunday, March 6, 2011
Group members:
Applications of Sound waves
Sound waves exist as variations of pressure in a medium such as air. They are created by the vibration of an object, which causes the air surrounding it to vibrate. The vibrating air then causes the human eardrum to vibrate, which the brain interprets as sound. There are a lot of applications of sound waves and that what we will discuss in this assignment.
Some applications of sound waves
The most common example is the ultrasound. You've heard of pregnant women having an ultrasound. An ultrasound bounces sound waves off of the baby, and the reflected waves reflect back at different speeds. These reflected waves are processed to give an image of the baby. Now ultrasounds are not only used in checking babies, but they also are used to check inside other precious equipment and objects. It is a very valuable tool for looking inside something without touching it. By the way ultrasonic means frequencies of sound we can't hear through our ears. (Greater than 20,000 Hz)
I'll tell you about something that will be music to your ears - a speaker. Now what speakers do, is that they take a signal from a stereo and translate them into a series of vibrations. The speaker then takes these signals and vibrates the air exactly how the recorded track should sound. So the speaker vibrates the air in such a way that we hear the vibrations as sounds we recognize, say a song or a speech. That's why a speaker that can output a lot of base can give you a thumping feel in your chest. The speaker is pushing the air towards you. A neat little experiment you can try is to place a piece of paper near the speaker and see what happens to it.
SONAR (sound navigation and ranging) is used in detecting objects underwater based on an acoustic echo. The time difference between the signal being sent and received indicates the distance to the object. Today the fishing industry both commercial and recreational uses sonar to locate schools of fish. This has also been used in locating ships, and their cargo, when they have sunk.
Ultrasonic or high frequency sound waves have been used to clean jewelry and teeth, help animals communicate and aid physicians in making observations of internal organs. It has also been used to remove kidney and gallstones by breaking the stones. Burglar alarms can use the Doppler effect to detect motion in a room.
The quality of sound coming from a musical instrument depends upon the number of harmonic frequencies produced and their relative intensities. Wind instruments rely on resonance while stringed instruments make use of the law of strings.
Eavesdropping or "listening without being seen", makes use of the fact that sound can diffract or bend as it travels through your house. Light waves; however do not bend in this manner. Therefore, you can hear around corners that you cannot see around.
Sound waves are used in exploring for minerals and petroleum and also to locate possible mineral or oil bearing rock formations. Also, used in instruments and amplifiers. Ultrasonic waves can be converted into electric energy by transducers.
Sound waves in parking sensors
Parking sensors are proximity sensors for road vehicles, which can alert the driver to unseen obstacles during parking maneuvers. Parking sensor systems use ultrasonic proximity detectors embedded in the front and/or rear bumpers, to measure the distances to nearby objects at low level. The sensors measure the time taken for each sound pulse to be reflected back to the receiver.
Depending on the speed of the vehicle and the distance to the obstacle, the system will warn the driver by visual and/or audible means about the risk of collision. The feedback to the driver will generally indicate the direction and proximity of the obstacle. Warnings are deactivated when the vehicle exceeds a certain speed, and can be switched off for situations such as stop-and-go traffic.
Depending on the speed of the vehicle and the distance to the obstacle, the system will warn the driver by visual and/or audible means about the risk of collision. The feedback to the driver will generally indicate the direction and proximity of the obstacle. Warnings are deactivated when the vehicle exceeds a certain speed, and can be switched off for situations such as stop-and-go traffic.
Application of sound wave in medical and ICT
The sound waves that have a very high frequency are called ultrasound or
ultrasonic waves. It is used for looking at babies in the womb, cleaning instruments,
detecting flaws and cracks in metal. Ultrasound imaging, also called ultrasound
scanning or sonography, involves exposing part of the body to high -frequency sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body. Ultrasound exams do not use ionizing radiation as used in x -rays. Because ultrasound images are captured in real - time, they can show the structure and movement of the body's internal organs, as well as blood flowing through blood vessels. Ultrasound imaging is a non invasive
medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions.
Conventional ultrasound displays the image s in thin, flat sections of the body.
Advancements in ultrasound technology include three -dimensional (3 -D) ultrasound that formats the sound wave data into 3 -D images. Four-dimensional (4 -D) ultrasound is 3 -D ultrasound in motion.
ultrasonic waves. It is used for looking at babies in the womb, cleaning instruments,
detecting flaws and cracks in metal. Ultrasound imaging, also called ultrasound
scanning or sonography, involves exposing part of the body to high -frequency sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body. Ultrasound exams do not use ionizing radiation as used in x -rays. Because ultrasound images are captured in real - time, they can show the structure and movement of the body's internal organs, as well as blood flowing through blood vessels. Ultrasound imaging is a non invasive
medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions.
Conventional ultrasound displays the image s in thin, flat sections of the body.
Advancements in ultrasound technology include three -dimensional (3 -D) ultrasound that formats the sound wave data into 3 -D images. Four-dimensional (4 -D) ultrasound is 3 -D ultrasound in motion.
A common diagnostic procedure, an ultrasound uses high -frequency sound
waves to "echo," or bounce, off the body and create a picture. A special jelly is
applied to the skin on the expectant mother's abdomen, and a wand -like instrument
(called a transducer) is positioned over it. Sound waves are generated and reflected
back to the transducer as electric impulses, which produce an image of the baby on
a computer screen. The images seen on most two -dimensional ultrasounds are
difficult for the untrained eye to decipher. What might lo ok like a hand to an
expectant parent might actually be a foot - which is why the images must be
interpreted by a properly trained technician. A doctor will then view the report and
make his or her own interpretations.
waves to "echo," or bounce, off the body and create a picture. A special jelly is
applied to the skin on the expectant mother's abdomen, and a wand -like instrument
(called a transducer) is positioned over it. Sound waves are generated and reflected
back to the transducer as electric impulses, which produce an image of the baby on
a computer screen. The images seen on most two -dimensional ultrasounds are
difficult for the untrained eye to decipher. What might lo ok like a hand to an
expectant parent might actually be a foot - which is why the images must be
interpreted by a properly trained technician. A doctor will then view the report and
make his or her own interpretations.
A remote sensing technique or device that uses sound waves to detect,
locate, and sometimes identify objects in water. The term is an acronym for sound
navigation and ranging (sonar). There are many applications, using a wide variety of
equipment. Naval uses include detection of submarines, sea mines, torpedoes, and
swimmers; torpedo guidance; acoustic mines; and navigation. Civilian uses include
determining water depth; finding fish; mapping the ocean floor; locating various
objects in the ocean, such as pipelines, wellheads, wrecks, and obstacles to
navigation; measuring water current profiles; and determining characteristics of
ocean bottom sediments. Sound waves rather than electromagnetic waves (for
example, radar and light) are used in these applications because their attenuation in
seawater is much less. Some marine mammals use sound waves to find food and to
navigate
locate, and sometimes identify objects in water. The term is an acronym for sound
navigation and ranging (sonar). There are many applications, using a wide variety of
equipment. Naval uses include detection of submarines, sea mines, torpedoes, and
swimmers; torpedo guidance; acoustic mines; and navigation. Civilian uses include
determining water depth; finding fish; mapping the ocean floor; locating various
objects in the ocean, such as pipelines, wellheads, wrecks, and obstacles to
navigation; measuring water current profiles; and determining characteristics of
ocean bottom sediments. Sound waves rather than electromagnetic waves (for
example, radar and light) are used in these applications because their attenuation in
seawater is much less. Some marine mammals use sound waves to find food and to
navigate
Most active sonar transducers are mounted on the hulls of submarines or
near the keels of surface ships. Sometimes, transducers are towed at a water depth
that provides better operation. There are three basic transducer orientations. In the
conventional depth sounder, the sound beam is directed downward. Echoes are
reflected from the ocean bottom and from fish that may be in the beam, and the
depth of the ocean beneath the sonar can be determined. In the side -scan sonar
configuration, the beam is oriented to the side of the ship (normal to the direction of
travel and usually slightly downward). As the ship moves forward, a volume of water to the side of the ship is searched. Generally, two sonars are used, one searching to the right and one to the left. Side -scan sonars are well speed and along straight lines, such as in mapping the ocean bottom and in general searches of an area. The third, and most popular, sonar configuration involves
rotating the sound beam about the vertical axis to search (scan) a sector of the water centered on the sonar platform. Sonar hydrophones are the underwater equivalent of microphones.
near the keels of surface ships. Sometimes, transducers are towed at a water depth
that provides better operation. There are three basic transducer orientations. In the
conventional depth sounder, the sound beam is directed downward. Echoes are
reflected from the ocean bottom and from fish that may be in the beam, and the
depth of the ocean beneath the sonar can be determined. In the side -scan sonar
configuration, the beam is oriented to the side of the ship (normal to the direction of
travel and usually slightly downward). As the ship moves forward, a volume of water to the side of the ship is searched. Generally, two sonars are used, one searching to the right and one to the left. Side -scan sonars are well speed and along straight lines, such as in mapping the ocean bottom and in general searches of an area. The third, and most popular, sonar configuration involves
rotating the sound beam about the vertical axis to search (scan) a sector of the water centered on the sonar platform. Sonar hydrophones are the underwater equivalent of microphones.
They act as a passive listening device, which is capable of converting acoustic pulses into electrical signals, which can be read by a sonar operator. Sonar hydrophones are widely used in the military and civilian world, and are an integral part of the sonar system used to navigate ship s at sea.
Generally, sonar hydrophones are very durable and capable of years of use. Ultrasonic waves can be converted into electric energy by transducers, ocean exploration, earthquake vibrations and waves; marine mammals and bats use sonar location. The military uses sonar in submarines and in planes.
Sound waves are used in exploring for minerals and petroleum and also to locate possible mineral or oil bearing rock formations. It is also used in instruments and amplifiers.
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